INTRODUCTION

Fruits Production:

          Fruit crops are a major part of agricultural production. Based on production quantities, the most popular fresh fruits worldwide in order are bananas, apples, and grapes. Bananas and apples are grown on trees, and watermelons are grown on thick vines.

           For cultivation, the tropical banana plant requires a warm and humid climate and rich, dark and fertile soils. The most common banana types which are grown globally include Cavendish, Lady Fingers, and Plantains. The last variety is also known as cooking banana. Their characteristics include a drier texture and they tend to contain more starch. In many tropical countries, Plantains are a staple food.

           Fruit and vegetables are seen as a strong part of a healthy and balanced diet. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which are created and published every five years by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), recommend increasing fruit and vegetable intake. The green revolution of the 1960s and 1970s ended chronic food deficits and while cereals still command the attention of policymakers, fruit production has surged impressively making India the second largest global producer behind China.

          India is the second largest fruits production country in the world. India is the top producer in the world in Mango, Banana & Papaya. (FAO 2009)

Fig 1.1 – Fruits

 India’s Fruits Production                                   

Following table shows 2008-09 production of Fruits in India, from which it is clear that,

• India is the top producer in the world in Mango, Banana & Papaya. (FAO 2009)
• The largest area in India is under Mango production, followed by Citrus and Banana.
• The Largest Production in India is of Banana followed by Mango.

Fruits	Area	Production	India’s Rank
Mango	2309	12750	Top producer
Apple	274	1985	7
Banana	709	26271	Top producer
Citrus	923	8608	5
Guava	204	2270	NA
Grape	80	1878	12
papaya	98	3639	Top producer
Litchi	72	423	NA
Pineapple	84	1341	6
Pomegranate	109	807	NA
Sapota	156	1308	NA
Others	1083	7249
Total	6101	68475
Source: National Horticulture database 2009. And FAO 2009
Values : 000 MT and 000 HT

Table 1.1 – Rate of production of fruits

 

                             FIG 1.2 – Area shear of fruit production of India

                             Reference:  India’s Fruits Production general

                          FIG 1.2 – Production shear fruit in India

                          Reference:  India’s Fruits Production general

Globalization for Fruits                                                                              

            The fruit market is much more of a global market than the vegetable market. About 9% of all fruits grown are traded internationally, and that share is still increasing. Bananas, apples, citrus fruits, and grapes are traded worldwide, with Latin America as a dominant global export force and China as a giant and increasing import market. The fruit market also differs from the vegetable market in that a large share of fruit is processed, with juice being a major industry. However, consumption of juices, as well as canned fruit, is under pressure in mature markets like the US, Europe, and Oceania.

Frozen and fresh fruit are gaining ground

           An estimated 80% of all fruits grown globally are sold as whole fresh fruit¹. That fresh fruit market is still growing, mainly outside of the US and the EU. In mature markets, consumer preferences seem to be shifting towards fruit with a more natural and fresh image, including frozen fruit. This is at the expense of shelf-stable products like juice and canned fruits. In the last decade, global demand for frozen fruit has increased by 5% a year. The popularity of berries, one of the main frozen fruit products, has definitely supported this trend. At the same time, global demand for preserved fruit (in cans, pouches, and bottles) has remained flat on a global basis and decreased by over 1% a year in Europe, Australia, and the US.

Organic fruit is more than just a luxury item

           Organic fruit is another category profiting from changing consumer preferences. Organic foods are gaining market share around the world. In general, the market share of organic fruit is higher in the more affluent countries compared to emerging economies. But income is not the only determinant for buying organic, as the share of organic produce in total produce purchases is varying strongly per country, from 2% in Australia and 5% in the Netherlands to 9% in the US and 15% in Sweden. The reasons behind this variation are likely to do with supermarkets’ decisions on the category, price availability, and quality of conventional vegetables, as well as cultural factors. Anyway, organic products fill a certain gap in the market for consumers who want to make conscious food choices, regardless of the evidence.

Superfood trend boosts global fruit trade

            Social media seems to play an increasingly important role in fruit consumption trends. In particular, the so-called super-foods that are perceived to be extra healthy are on the up. In order to have blueberries, avocados, and other popular fruit types available year-round, most countries in the world have to import them, at least for part of the year. As a result, trade in these products has risen steadily.

Figure 1.4: Rising trade in ‘superfoods’

Reference:  India’s Fruits Production general

China is setting its stamp on the global fruit market

            Most of the increase in international fresh fruit exports, nearly 7% a year over the last decade, has been absorbed by the main import markets: the US, China, and Germany. But in relative terms, emerging markets like China and India are becoming more important in the global fruit market. China is the world’s number one producer but has also rapidly expanded its imports and exports of fresh and processed fruits.

            Different factors are driving growth in fresh fruit trade, for the world as a whole, and for China in particular: improved market access, changing consumer preferences, a more professional retail environment, increasing purchasing power and last-but-not-least the combination of improved logistics, (controlled-atmosphere) storage and cold-chain facilities. Many fruits can be shipped over long distances by transportation by sea. For Latin American countries like Chile, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil, in particular, this has opened up a world of opportunities.

Figure 1.5: Top 10 fresh fruit import countries, 2006 to 2010

Reference:  India’s Fruits Production general

Waste fruits production in India:

          India, the world’s second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, throws away fresh produce worth Rs 13,300 crore every year because of the country’s lack of adequate cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport, a report said. The value of fruits, vegetables and grains wastage in India, at Rs 44,000 crore annually.

        Fruits and vegetables account for the largest portion of that wastage. Eighteen percent of India’s fruit and vegetable production valued at Rs 13,300 crore is wasted annually. his report says that two of the biggest contributors to food losses are the lack of refrigerated transport as also the lack of high-quality cold storage facilities for food manufacturers and food sellers.

What percentage of fruit produced in India is wasted due to improper storage:

          When it comes to wasting food items, India is ahead of China, says a UN report on food waste and its impact on natural resources. Globally, one-third of the food produced is wasted, costing the world economy about $750 billion (more than Rs 47 lakh crore), the Rome-based Food and Agriculture Organization’s report said. It said Asian countries, especially India and China, were the worst culprits causing loss of 1.3 billion tons of food every year.

          According to a report, up to 40 percent of the food produced in India is bound to get wasted. About 21 million tonnes of India’s entire wheat produce are wasted and 50 percent of all the food across the world meets the same fate. Such a situation raises a concern that food ‘never reaches the needy’. In fact, according to the agriculture ministry, Rs 50,000 crore worth of food produced is wasted every year in the country.

         India waste as much food as the whole of United Kingdom consumes – a statistic that may not so much indicative of our love of surfeit, as it is of our population. Still, food wastage is an alarming issue in India. Our street and garbage bins, landfills have sufficient proof to prove it.

 Figure 1.6: waste fruits dumping due to improper storage

Reference: www.quora.com

Problem statement :

1) The rate of production of fruit is according to the central government of India report is 69.1   million metric tones and about 13300 crore rupees get wasted.

2) There is a large number of waste fruits get wasted and disposed of directly into the dump yard, required a large amount of money for waste management.

3) Dumping of fruits causes unhygienic conditions producing a bad odour.

4) There is a deficiency of combustion fuel and renewable source in India and the demand is high.      Due to which there is a problem of the fuel crisis.

5) In Nasik, there are approximately 600-700 hundred farmers of pomegranate. Approximately the production rate of pomegranate in the Nasik region is about 3600000kg-4200000kg and according to survey the 20% is getting waste then the amount is 720000kg-840000kg per season.

Effective Solution

       Ethanol pellets is an environment-friendly fuel and do not produce any kind of pollutant like Soot while burning so it can be used as an effective alternative to the petroleum fuel (Wood). So that we can solve the biggest worldwide issue of pollution. And the ozone layer depletion.

 This project is one solution to many problems and hence very much effective.               

                                                                                                                                                   Objective:

• To promote feasible waste management.
• To produce the environment-friendly fuel like ethanol.
• Pollution control by promoting the use of ethanol.
• Preventing land disposal of waste fruits.
• To produce economical fuel.
• To save trees by avoiding the use of wood as a fuel.

The scope of project work :

• Chemical and beverage industry.
• Demand projection for ethanol as a motor vehicle fuel.
• Effective waste management.
• Building a small ethanol pump for the city.
• Best alternative to non-renewable sources.

 

Research methodology 

• Literature survey
• Data collection
• Material collection for model
• Raw material (waste fruits) collection
• The effective solution for the defined problem
• The actual execution of work
• Testing of ethanol sample
• Pellet formation and testing
• To obtain the final ethanol energy, you have to go through a lot of processes including Paper presentation
• Report completion and final submission.

Limitations of the study :

• Bad odder while process.
• During the production process of bioethanol, a huge amount of carbon dioxide is released which makes its ecological effectiveness close to zero.
• Producing plant-based ethanol requires acres of land to be able to fulfill the growing demand.
• Growing (which could take months), fermenting, distilling and transportation.
• Ethanol has a lower heat of combustion (per mole, per unit of volume, and per unit of mass) than petroleum.
• Not effective in India because ethanol engines are not available in India.

Expected outcome 

• From the above survey, we can conclude that the total seasonal wastage of pomegranate from 42 farmers in Nasik is 210300kg. We need 104.6 lit methanols, 3.661 kg KOH for biodiesel formation from it. Then we can get 366.1 lit of biodiesel and 130.75 lit of glycerin from it.
• We are going to produced ethanol pellets form that the deforestation can be reduced as we can use that ethanol pellets as combustion material instead of wood.
• The cost required for waste management also reduced as we are using waste fruits.
• Ethanol pellet is eco-friendly combustion martial hence it will be beneficial to reduce pollution.

Thanks for joining me!

Good company in a journey makes the way seem shorter. — Izaak Walton